Commercial Manufacture Of – 2 Objectives Know and understand how wood and boards are selected and processed into products Learn how materials are cut, shaped and formed to tolerances Determine their functional and aesthetic properties Learn about preparing and applying treatments and finishes to enhance

3 Manufacturing Boards We will identify the types of manufacturing boards shown below and suggest their uses.

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4 Engineered Wood Engineered or engineered wood has many advantages over solid wood. Can be mixed with adhesives to increase strength and stability. Ideal for construction, industrial and home use. The use of mixed materials and the utilization of waste materials are efficient. Large sheets not limited by the diameter of the tree trunk What are three disadvantages of using artificial boards?

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5 Flat Pack Furniture Manufactured boards are suitable for self-assembly products Generally cheaper than handmade products Arrives in a box, making them easy to store and transport Relatively easy to assemble with basic tool kit Characteristics of manufactured boards Is it suitable for flat pack products? Why do you think it is considered less aesthetically appealing?

Be thrown, dropped into water, left outside, stood on or chewed on Justify the types of wood suitable for making children’s toys

7 Natural or man-made The type of material from which a product is made also influences the price of the final product Similar products may be made from different woods to appeal to different markets Some woods are Traditionally used in the products of Which wood to choose to make gates? Please give two reasons.

Mass produced wood components are produced using his CNC machines. This allows us to produce large quantities of parts and products of the same size. Save and reuse templates to minimize waste. Cut screw holes, slots, and patterns in one process. Manufacturers minimizing waste? How can we dispose of waste responsibly?

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10 Commercial routing CNC machines can cut, drill, shape, mill, and profile manufactured or natural wood. Screw holes, slots, and patterns can all be cut in one process. The machine can accommodate large sheets of material. The machine can work quickly and efficiently to get the product to the right position. What other advantages does CNC routing have over manual cutting?

Once programmed, it is very effective in generating complex shapes and spirals. Ideal for repeat production. Lathes can accept large and long pieces of material. What disadvantages does the introduction of CNC machines bring to the skilled workforce?

12 Routing and Turning These techniques are used in the production of many everyday items. Consider five more examples.

Automated machinery has changed the way the industry manufactures wood-based products. Improvements in manufacturing methods were accepted by designers. Rigorous quality control methods improve consistency and accuracy. The increased availability of manufactured boards has made it possible to produce products in batches and in large quantities. Discuss the difference between “mechanization” and “mechanization.” ‘automation’

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14 Quality Control – “QC” The process by which a product is checked to ensure that it meets design specifications. You will also need: Lists the key areas to check: Work properly Be free of defects Be consistent and accurate Meet set size tolerances Create a sketch of your wooden shape sorter and edit your own. QC checklist

15 Tolerance The total amount of variation allowed in a particular dimension or property. This applies to hole depth, length, angle, thickness, weight, and elasticity. You can insert a gauge into the gap or hole to check if the size is within tolerance. If it does not fall within specified tolerances, it will be discarded or recycled Why is it important for manufacturers to ensure they have strict quality control systems in place?

16 Go/No Go? The required thickness of the table legs for flat pack tables is 25mm. Legs are measured in 4 pieces. Tolerance is +/- 0.5mm. Go or No Go? Leg 1: 25.46 mm Leg 2: 24.42 mm Leg 3: 25.51 mm Leg 4: 24.68 mm

17 Go/No Go? The required thickness of the table legs for a flat pack table is 25mm. Legs are measured in 4 pieces. Tolerance is +/- 0.5mm. Go or No Go? Leg 1: 25.46mm Go Leg 2: 24.42mm No Go Leg 3: 25.51mm No Go Leg 4: 24.68mm Go What are the consequences if the table legs do not fit within tolerance?

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Wood can be protected and visually enhanced using: Preservative Wax Oil Paint Stain Varnish Finishes can be applied by brushing, scrubbing, or spraying What processes and methods do you use to finish your garden shed, toy wooden boat, or cricket bat? mosquito?

In addition to improving functionality, the finish also enhances the product’s appeal. How do you enhance the natural wood grain? Why did you choose to paint your child’s toys instead of leaving them bare?

Tanalising is the process of soaking wood in a preservative. Hydraulic pressure works deep into the wood. Helps slow down the spoilage process. Protected from insect and fungal attack. Where is Tanalised Wood Used?

21 Commercial Finishes Modern finishes can extend the life of wood-based products Products can be sprayed by hand or machine Patterns, logos, and wording can be printed on the surface One of the fastest methods of painting is , by using a “curtain coater” to achieve a smooth coating. What are the advantages of applying finishing on the production line?

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Traditional paints and finishes can be harmful to the environment Oil-based or solvent-based products provide long-lasting finishes but contain high levels of volatile organic compounds, VOCs Water-based products are harmful to the environment It’s gentle Paint can also be made from recycled latex or milk If you use a solvent-based finish on your wood floors, do you use items of PPE?

24 Plenary What factors do furniture manufacturers consider when choosing materials to make flat-pack furniture? How have machines improved the production of mass-produced wood components? Quality control processes Why is it so important to check tolerances as part of your process? What products can help protect or enhance the aesthetics of wood-based materials?

To make this website work, we record user data and share it with processors. To use this website, you must agree to our Privacy Policy, including our Cookie Policy. To explore continuous manufacturing (CM) and streamline and accelerate the drug development process, Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Inc. partnered to enhance existing technology and perform key implementations. and backup CM processes.

To explore continuous manufacturing (CM) and streamline and accelerate the drug development process, Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Inc. partnered to enhance existing technology and implement primary and backup CM processes. Initially using separate semi-continuous unit operations (twin-screw wet granulators), formulations were first developed and manufactured in a “discontinuous” mode. He then purchased a prototype of his ConsiGma®-25 unit to facilitate the production of large clinical batches. Additionally, a multiple product development and launch rig (DLR) was installed to manufacture multiple pharmaceutical products in fully continuous mode. It starts with the mixing of individual excipients, ends with a film-coated tablet, and incorporates PAT (Process Analytical Technology) to allow real-time release.

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With a focus on integrating individual processing steps into a fully continuous process and ensuring adaptability of product processing for multiple product use, DLR equipment includes continuous wet granulation, fluidized bed drying, and tablet compression. , and had to incorporate initial mixing and tablet compression. Includes final film coating of tablets, dry granulation and direct compression options as an alternative to wet granulation. The rig incorporated multiple PAT points to monitor and characterize process intermediates and final products, and was also equipped for real-time release. The scope of software development alone (to perform both process control and the PAT feedback control loop) was extremely complex.

The process begins by mixing the API and excipients, which are dispensed into a continuous in-line blender using a reduction feeder. After the initial mixing, the machine can be configured so that the mixture flows directly into a twin-screw wet granulator (wet granulation), a roller compactor (dry granulation), or a second in-line blender (direct compaction). For wet granulation, the granules are dried in a segmented fluidized bed dryer before being conveyed to the mill. In the case of dry granulation, crushing takes place immediately after granulation.

The final blend is then processed in his second in-line blender and compressed in a Courtoy MODUL P press with a punch face lubrication system. This facilitates the production of high-drug tablets using “sticky” APIs while reducing problems such as tablet picking and sticking. The tablet cores are coated in one of two semi-batch pan film coaters.

DLR employs 10 PAT systems to monitor the operation of each unit using her NIR, Raman and light scattering for particle sizing. Quality is ensured after each unit operation and ultimately allows for real-time release testing (RTRt) in the process.

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CM is ideally suited for his QbD development and manufacturing of high-quality medicines that shorten development timelines and ultimately benefit patients. CM needs to create commercial facilities that are smaller, more operationally efficient, and more environmentally friendly.

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